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During the Muromachi Period,
both Zen and Noh gained exposure and balance. This era held, as many do
today, that the Buddha, Zen, dwelled naturally within the self (Ishida,
1963). Students of both Noh and Zen were required to look within
themselves for enlightenment. The samurai class of medieval Japan
looked to the order and simplicity of Zen teachings in order to
cultivate their way of life. In turn, the samurai also looked to Noh
for entertainment. Today, looking at the influence of Zen on Noh
performance may seem archaic; however, followers of Zen are able to see
the depth of the connection.
The subtleties of Noh reveal
the true nature of Zen practice. From keeping your feet connected to
the earth, to the even breaths of the troupe, to the simplistic stage,
the relationship of Zen and Noh are evident. Studying this relationship
allows Noh performers and students of Zen the opportunity to look beyond
their current task to find the “no-mind” aspect of their discipline
Only through true enlightenment can the performer and the student hope
to gain understanding of their place in this world. |
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Rendered in the fashion of a cube, the main
stage is covered by a roof held up by four posts. While some audience
members may find the posts distracting, the actors wearing masks use
them as a guide to orient themselves on the stage (George, 1999).
In addition, the posts help fix the eyes on the contained space of the
action. The stage and the bridge are separated from the audience by a
rock path, ordinarily white pebbles similar to those found in a Zen
garden (George, 1999).
All of these features work synergistically to
focus the mind of the actor as well as the audience, similar to the way
a Buddhist temple has a special room designed for meditation. The point
is to block out all that is unnecessary to the performance or the
meditation so that the participants are able to maintain focus.
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Zeami, known as the father of Noh, describes
hana, flower moment, as a special attribute of the
performance; an attribute outside of technique (George, 1999). The
first hana, achieved as a young actor, is instantly found and
then lost. However, the actor then begins his quest to attain the
hana again. Only through continued, concentrated practice, as in
the practice of Zen, can the hana be achieved. Obviously, Zeami
reached the ideal hana or else he would not have been able to
write about it. In Zen, one understands only through experience.
During a Noh performance, the audience, which
has probably seen the play on multiple occasions, anxiously awaits the
hana moment. The writer plans the timing of the hana
moment so the actor must work steadfastly while training in order to
reach hana at the premeditated moment. Zen monks also strive for
their own hana moment in the performance of life.
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Return to
Buddhism in Noh |
Leann Findley.
Copyright © 2001 by University of North Texas. All rights reserved.
Revised: 05 May 2004 17:06:27 -0500
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